由于武漢新冠病毒流行，現(xiàn)在口罩變得一罩難求，良時(shí)智能技術(shù)中心查閱了口罩相關(guān)的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，對(duì)口罩的性能、使用、回收等方面做一些匯總介紹，望能給大家提供一些作用能更好的保護(hù)自己及家人。

Due to the prevalence of Wuhan novel coronavirus, masks have become more and more difficult to find. Liangshi IntelRobot technology center has consulted the relevant professional knowledge of masks, and made some brief introduction on the performance, use, recycling and other aspects of masks, with the hope to provide you with some functions to better protect yourself and your family.

 目前市面上流通的口罩有面紗口罩、海綿口罩、活性炭口罩、醫(yī)用口罩和專(zhuān)業(yè)防護(hù)口罩等等，據(jù)專(zhuān)家介紹，目前只有專(zhuān)業(yè)防護(hù)口罩中的N95口罩及醫(yī)用外科口罩才能對(duì)阻斷武漢新冠病毒有效。

At present, masks on the market include gauze masks, pitta masks, activated charcoal masks, medical surgical masks and professional protective masks. According to experts, only N95 respirators and medical surgical masks in professional protective masks can effectively block Wuhan novel coronavirus.

海綿口罩pitta mask

活性炭口罩Activated charcoal mask

醫(yī)用外科口罩medical surgical mask

專(zhuān)業(yè)防護(hù)口罩professional protective mask

口罩阻斷病毒傳播的機(jī)理主要是“過(guò)濾”！并不是口罩上有什么化學(xué)物質(zhì)能殺死病毒，因此對(duì)武漢新冠病毒是否有效就要從口罩的過(guò)濾效率來(lái)分析判斷。

The mechanism of mask blocking virus transmission is mainly "filtering"! It's not that there are any chemicals on the mask that can kill the virus. Hence whether it is effective against the novel coronavirus in Wuhan can only depends on the filter efficiency of the mask.

武漢新型冠狀病毒主要通過(guò)呼吸道傳播，傳播方式為飛沫傳播、飛沫核傳播及塵埃傳播。新冠病毒平均直徑為100納米，即0.1微米。但病毒顆粒不能個(gè)體生存，必須依附在媒介上，比如飛沫、飛沫核、塵埃等，不管是何種媒介，其顆粒大小都是病毒的數(shù)倍，比如飛沫及飛沫核的直徑＞5微米。

The novel coronavirus in Wuhan is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract, which is spread by droplets, droplet core and dust. The average diameter of the novel coronavirus is 100 nm, or 0.1 μ M. However, virus particles can not survive alone, and must be attached to a certain media, such as droplets, droplets core, dust, etc. No matter what media, the particle size is several times that of the virus, such as droplets and droplets core with a diameter of more than 5 microns.

 海綿口罩 Pitta mask

根據(jù)PITTAMASK海綿口罩說(shuō)明文件，其對(duì)花粉的過(guò)濾效率為99%，而花粉的粒徑為20-50微米，顯然這種口罩是不能有效阻斷病毒的。這種口罩外形美觀、透氣性好、可以洗滌，適用日常居家旅行，不適合當(dāng)前防范武漢新冠病毒。

According to the description of pitta mask, its filtering efficiency for pollen is 99%, and the particle size of pollen is 20-50 μm, which obviously, this mask can not effectively block the virus. This kind of mask has beautiful appearance, good air permeability and can be washed. It is suitable for daily home travel but not appropriate for the current prevention of Wuhan novel coronavirus.

 活性炭口罩

 Activated charcoal mask

活性炭口罩就是在普通的防塵口中，夾了一層活性炭。這種口罩除了普通的除塵功能外，還具備了對(duì)有機(jī)物吸附的功能。適合在有機(jī)物污染的環(huán)境下佩戴使用，比如新裝修好的房子里、噴漆作業(yè)環(huán)境等。

Activated charcoal mask is to sandwich a layer of activated charcoal in the ordinary dust-proof mask. In addition to the ordinary dust proof function, the mask also has the function of adsorbing organic matters. It is suitable for wearing in the environment that is polluted by organic matters, such as newly decorated house, painting environment, etc.

活性炭對(duì)氣溶膠狀態(tài)的飛沫核也具有很好的吸附效果，其過(guò)濾效果要比普通防塵口罩要好的多，能防范5微米以下顆粒。雖然專(zhuān)家沒(méi)有推薦這款口罩，但是如果實(shí)在買(mǎi)不到專(zhuān)用口罩，活性炭口罩也是具有一定效果的。

活性炭口罩一般為灰色或黑色，但顏色不是判斷活性炭口罩的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，市場(chǎng)上有些黑色的口罩冒充活性炭口罩，其中間是沒(méi)有活性炭材料的，可以剖解口罩來(lái)判別。

Activated charcoal also has a good adsorption effect on aerosol droplets. Its filtering effect is much better than that of ordinary dust proof masks, and it can prevent particles below 5 microns. Although experts didn't recommend this mask, if you can't buy an exclusive mask, the activated charcoal mask also has a certain effect. Activated charcoal masks are generally gray or black, but the color is not the only standard to judge activated charcoal masks. Some black masks in the market pretend to be activated charcoal masks, but among which there is no activated charcoal material, so we can dissect the masks to judge.

 醫(yī)用口罩 Medical mask

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的醫(yī)用口罩由三層以上組成，外層是為阻水層、中間為過(guò)濾層、內(nèi)層為吸濕層。

The standard medical mask is composed of more than three layers, the outer layer is water blocking layer, the middle layer is filter layer, and the inner layer is hygroscopic layer.

外科級(jí)的醫(yī)用口罩對(duì)于0.3微米的顆粒物透過(guò)率為18.3%，如果醫(yī)患兩者都配佩戴醫(yī)用外科口罩的話(huà)，其過(guò)濾效率翻倍，對(duì)0.3微米顆粒過(guò)濾效率達(dá)到97%，可以達(dá)到專(zhuān)業(yè)防護(hù)口罩N95級(jí)別。因此，專(zhuān)家建議是正確的。

The penetration rate of surgical grade medical masks for 0.3 μ m particles is 18.3%. If both doctors and patients wear medical surgical masks, the filtration efficiency will double, and the filtration efficiency for 0.3 μm particles will reach 97%, which can reach the N95 level of professional protective masks. Therefore, the expert advice is reasonable.

目前市售的醫(yī)用口罩魚(yú)龍混雜，質(zhì)量參差不齊。據(jù)我觀察，有些所謂的醫(yī)用口罩其第二層和第三層都是同種材料，孔徑也比較大，對(duì)于是否能有效攔截病毒值得懷疑。選購(gòu)口罩，應(yīng)首選有“LA”防護(hù)標(biāo)記及“QS”生產(chǎn)許可標(biāo)記的產(chǎn)品。

At present, the medical masks sold in the market are mixed with lots of poor quality ones. According to my observation, the second and third layers of some so-called medical masks are of the same material, and the aperture is relatively large, so it is questionable whether they can effectively intercept the virus. The products with "LA" protection mark and "QS" production license mark shall be the prefered choice when purchasing masks.

 專(zhuān)業(yè)防護(hù)口罩

 professional protective mask

所謂的N95口罩，是對(duì)＞0.3微米以上的顆粒過(guò)濾效率達(dá)到95%以上。前綴“N”是表示防護(hù)特性，不耐油的意思。后綴的數(shù)字是過(guò)濾效率。因此，不管是N95、KN95、P95、N100、P100，都是可以有效阻斷病毒的。

The genuine N95 respirators can filter more than 95% of particles larger than 0.3 μ M. The prefix "N" means its protective property and not oil resistant. The number of suffixes is its filter efficiency. Therefore, no matter N95, KN95, P95, N100 or P100, they can effectively block the virus.

目前，市面上N95非常稀少，一罩難求，在這種情況下我認(rèn)為可以退而求次，如果有N90的口罩，也是可以有效阻斷病毒，但前提是在人群聚集的公共場(chǎng)合下，每個(gè)人都必須佩戴口罩。如果兩個(gè)人都佩戴N95口罩的話(huà)，其對(duì)冠狀病毒的攔截效率可達(dá)到99%以上，是十分安全的。

At present, N95 is very rare on the market, even one mask is hard to find. In this case, I think we can take the second best. If there is N90 respirator, it can also effectively block the virus, but on premise that everyone must wear the mask in public places where people gather. If two people wear N95 respirators, the interception efficiency of coronavirus can reach more than 99%, which is very safe.

專(zhuān)業(yè)防護(hù)口罩由于濾層厚，濾孔小，因此透氣性不佳，因此這種口罩的外形是突出的，以增加過(guò)濾面積，使透氣性得到保證。

Due to the thick filter layer and small filter holes, the air permeability of the professional protective mask is poor. Therefore, the shape of the mask is outstanding to increase the filtering area and ensure the air permeability.

 帶呼吸閥的防護(hù)口罩

 professional protective mask with breathing valve

還有一種帶呼吸閥型的專(zhuān)業(yè)防護(hù)口罩，這種口罩吸氣時(shí)空氣透過(guò)濾層，呼氣時(shí)氣體通過(guò)呼吸閥，以增加佩戴舒適性。但正由于這種特點(diǎn)，這種口罩只能保護(hù)自己，而不能保護(hù)他人。如果是患者或疑似病例，千萬(wàn)不能佩戴這種帶呼吸閥的口罩，會(huì)把病毒傳播別人。

There is also a kind of professional protective mask with a breathing valve. When inhale with the mask , the air passes through the filter layer, and when exhale, the air passes through the breathing valve, so as to increase the wearing comfort. But because of this characteristic, this kind of mask can only protect himself, not others. If he is a infected patient or suspected case, never wear this mask with a breathing valve, it will spread the virus to others.

帶呼吸器的口罩 professional protective mask with breathing valve

 口罩的回收利用

 recycle of mask

口罩是低價(jià)值的消耗商品，一般一次性使用。但現(xiàn)在武漢新冠流行的非常時(shí)期里，我們要變廢為寶，重復(fù)使用口罩，以緩解市場(chǎng)供求壓力。

Masks are low value consumable goods and are generally disposable. But now in the very period when Wuhan novel coronavirus is epidemic, we need to turn waste into treasure and reuse masks to relieve the pressure of market supply and demand.

據(jù)專(zhuān)家介紹，武漢新冠病毒怕熱、怕化學(xué)消毒品，在體外生存能力低，針對(duì)這些特征，我想了幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的口罩再利用辦法與大家分享：

According to experts, Wuhan novel coronavirus is afraid of heat and chemical disinfectants, and its vitro viability is low. In view of these characteristics, I'd like to share with you several simple ways to reuse masks:

高溫消毒再生法

High temperature disinfection regeneration method

對(duì)于武漢新型冠狀病毒在56℃溫度下30分鐘即被滅活這個(gè)特征，將使用過(guò)的口罩放置在取暖器上烘烤30分鐘以上，取暖器溫度高于56℃，但又不至于太燙把口罩給烤糊了。

The novel coronavirus can be inactivated at 30 minutes at 56 degrees centigrade. So the mask can be placed on the heater for over 30 minutes. The heater temperature was higher than 56 degrees, but it should not be too hot to bake it.

當(dāng)然也可以把水燒開(kāi)后，用沸騰產(chǎn)生的蒸汽燙一下，蒸汽溫度達(dá)到100℃，因此可以縮短再生時(shí)間，一兩分鐘即可。蒸汽再生操作時(shí)要特別小心，最好用鑷子夾持，以免燙傷。

Of course, you can also boil the water and scald it with the steam generated by boiling. The steam temperature reaches 100 ℃, so the regeneration time can be shortened, just a minute or two. Special care shall be taken during steam regeneration operation. It is better to clamp with tweezers to avoid scalding.

口罩切勿用吹風(fēng)機(jī)高溫再生，以免把攔截吸附的病毒重新吹出來(lái)。口罩也不能直接用火烤，口罩一般都是用聚丙烯熔噴無(wú)紡材料制成，不耐明火及高溫。

Do not use a blower to regenerate the mask at high temperature, so as not to blow the intercepted virus out again. Masks can not be directly baked with fire, as masks are generally made of polypropylene melt blown with non-woven materials, which are not resistant to open fire and high temperature.

暴曬再生法

Direct-sun exposure regeneration method

對(duì)于病毒在體外干燥環(huán)境下不能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間生存的特性，只要將使用過(guò)的口罩置于太陽(yáng)底下暴曬2個(gè)小時(shí)以上，加上紫外線(xiàn)的作用，是可以殺滅病毒的。

   In view of its characteristics that the virus can not survive for a long time in dry environment in vitro, as long as the used mask is exposed to the sun for more than 2 hours, plus the effect of ultraviolet, it can kill the virus.

化學(xué)消毒再生法

Chemical disinfection regeneration method

對(duì)于病毒對(duì)酒精和消毒劑敏感的特性，在使用過(guò)的口罩上噴灑75%濃度以上醫(yī)用酒精或含氯的消毒劑，然后晾干至無(wú)味，也是行之有效的。

As the virus is sensitive to alcohol and disinfectants, it is also effective to spray 75% medical alcohol or disinfectant containing chlorine on the used mask, and then dry it to tasteless.

本人不推薦用水清洗口罩，揉搓清洗口罩會(huì)使過(guò)濾材料濾孔變形，過(guò)濾效率降低。另外，普通洗滌液暫未證明對(duì)病毒可以有效滅活。

   I do not recommend cleaning the mask with water. Rubbing and cleaning the mask will deform the filtering hole of the filter material and reduce the filtering efficiency. In addition, the ordinary detergent is not proved that it can effectively inactivate the virus.

口罩再生是現(xiàn)階段無(wú)奈之舉，有條件的話(huà)還是需要勤換口罩。對(duì)于在高危場(chǎng)所使用過(guò)的口罩還是不建議重復(fù)使用。

   Mask regeneration is a helpless move at this stage. If conditions permit, it is still necessary to change masks frequently. It is not recommended to reuse the masks that have been used in high-risk places.

最后提醒大家，廢棄的口罩一定要裝入垃圾帶，不能隨意拋棄，以免貽害別人。

Finally, I remind you that the discarded masks must be put into the garbage bag, and can not be discarded at will, so as not to harm others.

 口罩的佩戴方法 Wearing methods of mask

N95口罩佩戴方法

Wearing methods of N95 mask:

醫(yī)用外科口罩佩戴方法

Wearing methods of medical surgical masks

本文知識(shí)純屬普及及推廣，僅供參考，良時(shí)不負(fù)任何法律責(zé)任。

The knowledge in this article is only for reference, and Liangshi will not bear any legal responsibility.